Transportation by freight transport in industrial and post-industrial society they perform the main functions in flow processes. It is from development and improvement transportation by road economic growth and business development (especially small and medium-sized ones) directly depend. Transportation by road is a rather complex process from a logistics point of view, this is due to the versatility of such transportation.
Cargo transportation by road, despite all the organizational difficulties, remains the most convenient and regulated option from a logistics point of view. Only in transportation by road can you influence all aspects, including the route, type of transport, speed of transportation, etc. No other type of cargo transportation offers such space for optimization. In addition, it is transportation by road that is the least demanding in terms of conditions (weather conditions, availability of tracks, equipment for loading and unloading operations, location of warehouses, etc.).
Thanks to this situation, road transport will already gain undeniable primacy in the domestic logistics market in the next decade.
Transportation by road: features of the process
Organizing transportation by freight vehicles is a complex, multi-level process that requires integration of the efforts of the forwarding department and the carrier itself. Such integration can be carried out in two ways: cooperation between forwarding companies and direct carriers, or through the creation of large logistics companies that perform the entire chain of work related to the transportation of goods by road.
The main stages of organizing transportation by road, to which special attention should be paid:
- Preparation of the route and loading operations;
- Selecting a vehicle based on the specifics of the cargo;
- Development of mechanisms to ensure cargo safety;
- Control over the transportation process.
At each of these stages, it is important to dynamically combine two main criteria: quality and financial feasibility. The main task of modern cargo transportation is to find the optimal balance for the sender and the company between the quality and price of services. To find such a balance, domestic cargo carriers need to take into account a number of specific features:
- Large length of road transport routes (in Russia there are 984,000 km of paved roads);
- Inadequate quality of road surface, which always negatively affects the quality of road transportation, its cost and speed, and also contributes to the rapid aging of the truck fleet;
- An imperfect legislative framework, which leaves many difficulties in transporting freight by road, especially at the federal level;
- Low level of development of related logistics services, including forwarding and insurance services;
Solving these problems will make it possible to more dynamically develop the field of road transport in Russia, as well as to qualitatively integrate it into global logistics.
Cargo transportation agreements
The main point of cargo transportation is the signing of an agreement on the delivery of goods to the required location. Trade enterprises and organizations enter into contracts for cargo transportation, which stipulate the volume and timing of delivery, conditions for loading and unloading operations, financial responsibility, implementation of rational forms of cargo delivery, routes and cargo transportation schemes.
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Goods, cargo or other items that need to be transported must be properly prepared for transportation. They must be packed in inventory containers and grouped by product items. There must also be all the necessary accompanying documents. Before receiving cargo for transportation, the driver is checked for a waybill and an identity document. Acceptance of cargo by quantity is carried out by weighing, recalculating places, and the signature of the responsible person is placed on all copies of accompanying documents.
Delivery by road is divided into two types:
- centralized – cargo is delivered to one recipient;
- decentralized – cargo is delivered to several recipients.
When choosing a type of vehicle, there are six rules to consider:
- Delivery time;
- Frequency of cargo dispatch;
- cargo delivery schedule;
- the ability to transport different cargo;
- the ability to deliver cargo to any destination;
- transportation cost.
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Freight transport: risk factors
Road transport, despite all its complexity, is an incredibly profitable area of logistics. For successful transportation by road, a number of risk factors should be taken into account:
- Unfavorable meteorological conditions and inappropriate condition of the road surface - these risks must be taken into account when planning the route! And even if it is possible to adjust the transportation route by road, it will be impossible to negotiate with the weather conditions.
- Emergency situations and vehicle breakdown. Timely technical inspection allows you to minimize the risk of any troubles during the transportation of goods by road.
- Threat of theft or other illegal activities. When transporting by road, you must vigilantly monitor the condition of the cargo, always leave the vehicle closed, and avoid deviations from the route and unusual situations. It is better to insure the cargo.
- Human factor. The experience and professionalism of the driver play a key role in successful transportation by road.
Taking into account all these risks will make the process of transportation by road safer and easier, and, accordingly, get greater benefits for the sender and the direct carrier!
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Features of cargo transportation by road
Cargo transportation by road is the most flexible option for transporting consignments. An independent schedule and relatively low cost have made this type of transportation basic in the structure of the continental commodity network. But it should be remembered that even with the current level of development of transport technologies, there are a number of specific risk factors that must be taken into account during the development of the contract.
In the field of international road freight transport, the following reasons for potential instability are identified:
- Poor road conditions and unfavorable weather conditions. In this regard, the logistics operations planning department is one of the most important in the structure of a transport company, and a technical consultant is always ready to explain how the independence (or dependence) of the route from weather factors is ensured.
- Vehicle breakdowns due to insufficient or untimely maintenance. Theoretically, the risk from this factor should be minimal, since all equipment used in cargo transportation by road should not be released on the route without the appropriate documents on timely maintenance.
- Reasons due to the professional skills of drivers. We note that in addition to careful selection of personnel, the risk of this category is significantly reduced today thanks to the mandatory use of tachographs, which strictly record the work and rest schedule of drivers along the route.
It is also worth mentioning the need to ensure the safety of road freight transportation in terms of cargo theft. Today, the risks of this category are mitigated by continuous remote control over each transport object that leaves the route. There is a panic button in the driver's cabin, and if necessary, armed security can be ordered.
carries out planning and accurate execution of any cargo transportation by road , including the organization of all necessary logistics activities. At the same time, clauses on automatic customs clearance and certification may be included in the contract, which will ensure minimal time for preparing goods for trade operations. You can learn more about the features of a specific stage of road freight transportation during a consultation by phone or through the feedback form located in the “Contacts” section.
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Types and features of product transportation
Delivery of goods depends on various circumstances and characteristics of the product, its features, availability of access roads and route. Many companies choose transportation by road. The main advantages of this type of transportation are mobility, speed of movement and the ability to carry out transportation to any point in the country. And also beyond its limits, in case of conjugation of road routes and routes.
Features of transportation by road:
- Transportation of goods of non-standard dimensions will require competent calculations for choosing a vehicle. For example, it is possible to deliver products by refrigerator that do not require special refrigeration;
- Loading onto transport is performed once at the loading site and no reloading is required. Exceptions may include difficult routes, car breakdown;
- As a rule, control is included in the transportation services of a transport company; it is carried out using video surveillance cameras and the driver. If additional services are needed, it is possible to use, for example, the services of a forwarder;
- Cargo transportation can be carried out to any country or region that the client needs.
Rail freight transportation
A popular type of delivery is rail transportation. They are popular in mechanical engineering, the oil refining industry and others. Such delivery is popular due to the high speed of the vehicle and the safety of products on the road, since the cars have the following types: closed, open, tanks and others.
Transportation of goods in this way allows you to transport: machinery, bulk substances, equipment and other products. Thanks to such delivery, it is possible to transport various products. Among other advantages, mixed cargo can be delivered in one container.
Features of cargo delivery by rail:
- Thanks to an accurate train schedule, the delivery of goods can be planned and controlled;
- For loading operations and fastening of products, some requirements of the railway company should be taken into account;
- Transport services will require various documents. This work will be undertaken by the carrier company.
It should be foreseen in advance that it is possible that the cargo will be delivered to its destination only by rail. However, not many destinations have access roads. For this reason, transportation will require additional ordering of vehicles.
Delivery of goods by sea and air transport
Air transportation is most often used when urgent delivery is required. Modern airliners have a large carrying capacity and will deliver products to another country in the world.
Sea transportation is complex in terms of paperwork and cannot be considered an option. When choosing cargo delivery, price plays a big role. Each supplier chooses the type of delivery that suits it. Air and sea cargo transportation services can hardly be called a budget option. Especially in case of urgent delivery.
Cargo taxi
Cargo transportation using this method is considered convenient and not expensive. They are usually carried out over short distances within a city or region. In European countries, this type of service has become popular for a long time. Europeans hire trucks with a taximeter when they need to transport things due to a move, or to deliver groceries and equipment from a store. You will be confident in the delivery of your cargo. Currently, cargo taxis have become popular in our country.
Such transportation is carried out by companies that have a fleet of trucks. You can be confident in the professionalism of the driver and the quality of service of the vehicle by the carrier company. It is also additionally possible to order a loading or unloading service, if required. In order to avoid dealing with the private sector, it is best to use the services of a cargo taxi.
