Hoses for vacuum cleaner

Everything you need to consider when choosing a sewer machine

In order to keep the city clean, today there are many types of municipal equipment.
One of these types of equipment is a sewer truck - a type of special equipment that is used where there is no centralized drainage system, for example, in private sectors. Having a sewer truck can be the start of your own business, since cleaning services for liquid household waste are popular. The purchase of such equipment will pay off in the first couple of years of use.

What it is?

A sewer truck (vacuum sewer truck) is a special vehicle that is designed for pumping and transporting sewage from sewers, settling tanks and cesspools. The pumping process itself occurs with the help of special intake hoses, as well as creating a vacuum in the tank of the machine itself.

The vacuum is created using a special vacuum pump (for example, “KO 503” or “KO 503v”). Actually, the name of the pumps determines the model of the sewer truck itself.

Equipment such as the GAZ sewer truck is found in almost every public utility. It is this brand of car that is so popular throughout Russia. And for large sewers, KAMAZ, MAZ and ZIL vehicles are used. Foreign analogues are also possible.

Types of vacuum cleaners

It is important that the tank capacity of the machine matches the volume that needs to be pumped out. The smaller the car, the cheaper it is to pump out. The minimum volume of a GAS tank is 2 m³. The compact machine will fit into narrow passages and gates. Its light weight allows it to be driven onto paving slabs. Can pump out the volume of approximately 1 concrete ring with a radius of 1.5 m.

The most common car is GAZ with a tank volume of 4 m³. The septic tank hatch should be located at a maximum distance of 16 m from the tank.

Almost all brands of sewage disposal machines are equipped with hoses 10-15 m long. But often this is not enough. Therefore, owners equip their equipment with additional hoses; the average hose length is 20-25 m. The longer the hose, the greater the power loss. If the distance from the pumped-out container to the intended location of the machine is more than 25 m, a vehicle with a high-performance vacuum pump is required.

An important characteristic of a sewer pumping machine is fuel consumption. Japanese diesel models are practical because they do not consume fuel during pumping. They are equipped with convenient, automatically collapsing hoses. The tank of such a machine is durable because it is galvanized on the inside.

Operation of sewage disposal machines

This type of equipment is sewage disposal trucks. These working machines can be said to be designed to perform the dirtiest and most unpleasant work, but they easily cope with this difficult task, allowing people to live and feel quite comfortable. The work of sewage disposal trucks is to pump out sewage from sewer wells, cesspools and other settling tanks, and then transport them to places of release and disposal. The functions of this equipment may also include cleaning of overgrown reservoirs and cleaning of washing stations.

The main working elements of a sewage disposal machine are a tank into which sewage and other contaminants are pumped, and this operation is performed without the spread of odors and does not leave dirt around. Next, the machine is equipped with a special pump, vacuum type, which operates due to the drive. A hose extends from the tank, which directly sucks in the contents of the cesspools; there is a hatch on the tank for intake. The sewage disposal truck is also equipped with a pipeline, which certainly has a tap, safety devices and electrical equipment.

The dimensions of the tank and its volume directly depend on the model of the machine itself on which it is located. As a rule, the main models today are Russian-made cars of the MAZ brand, although you can often find other brands of cars, including foreign ones.

The operating principle of sewage disposal equipment

Vacuum trucks are used for pumping waste products from cesspools, sewers and waste pipes, for pumping water during the repair of water pipelines, flushing pipes, wells, wells from sludge contamination, and transporting all types of non-flammable liquids. Vacuum machines are typically operated by utilities and industrial companies.

For example, for cleaning channels with a large amount of mud sediments, the accumulation of which leads to emergency situations. In large cities where there is a centralized sewerage system, vacuum machines are not so in demand. In summer cottages and in private sectors it is difficult to do without them.

With the formation of large cities with central sewerage, drainage on roads and many enterprises, a need arose for specialized equipment that could fulfill a number of requirements:

• pumping and removal of waste from enterprises;
• elimination of consequences after sewerage accidents;
• elimination of flooding on roads after precipitation, when drainage networks cannot cope;
• pumping out various grease and starch traps (relevant for catering);
• pumping wastewater, waste pits and septic tanks;

What is the difference between a vacuum cleaner and a sludge sucker?

Initially, without moving on to technical nuances, you need to figure out for what purposes these machines are generally used. The fact is that in the modern world with large cities, sewage systems are widely developed, both ordinary and drainage, installed in many enterprises. To work with these systems, specialized equipment is required that fulfills the following requirements: • Pumps out and removes waste from enterprises; • Eliminates consequences after failures in the sewer system; • Eliminates flooding on roads after precipitation falls (a conventional drainage network cannot cope with this); • Pumps out various grease and starch traps (as a rule, this applies to public catering); • Pumps out wastewater, cesspools and septic tanks. Sludge sucking and sewage disposal machines can be used in a number of other situations that can be listed for a long time. Below we will indicate for what purposes one type of special equipment is relevant, and for what purposes another is relevant. However, I would immediately like to note that the sludge sucker is a more advanced version of sewage disposal equipment. You can get acquainted with sewerage services here.

A sludge sucker is a specialized technique that is used to pump out dense deposits, such as silt, sand, grease, and so on. A sewer truck is also a specialized piece of equipment, however, its task is to pump out wastewater, cesspools and septic tanks. In a word - liquid waste. What is the difference between a sewer machine and a sludge sucker from a technical point of view: • As you know, a sludge sucker pumps out dense waste, but initially it needs to be unloaded. For this reason, the equipment is equipped with an opening barrel and hydraulics to lift it. The principle of operation is the dump method. As for the sewer truck, all pumped waste is redirected into the machine through a special hose; • Again, a vacuum cleaner pumps out liquid waste, so its vacuum unit is somewhat inferior in power. As a result, the pumping height is also lower. In terms of productivity, a sewer machine is twice as inferior to a sludge sucker; • The cesspool truck is not equipped with a hydraulic gun, which can be used to rinse the pumped out tank. The sludge suction machine is also equipped with a suction boom, which allows you to direct the hose towards the tank; • The sludge sucker may have additional equipment. For example, automation that supplies a pumping hose, a control panel, and so on; • The sludge pump is also equipped with high pressure washing equipment. In a word, comparing these two machines in itself is not correct, since each type of equipment performs certain tasks. Of course, sludge extraction equipment is considered more universal, since it can cope with the same tasks as sewage disposal equipment.

Device

Special equipment for pumping waste is equipped with appropriate technological equipment. The design of the sewage disposal machine is as follows:

• storage tank or container for temporary storage and transportation of fecal fluid;
• driven vacuum pump;
• suction hose;
• piping system;
• technological control valve;
• receiving hatch;
• a signaling device indicating the operation of the fuse;
• electrical equipment.

Barrel capacity

The technological volume of the barrel of a sewer truck is determined by the parameters of the vehicle. In domestic models, the tank-reservoir can hold up to 12 m 3 of liquid, in imported ones - up to 16 m 3. Special equipment is selected depending on the tasks assigned.

There are the following sizes of sewer truck:

1. Small-sized models designed for private sewer septic tanks. The volume of the barrel in this case does not exceed 4 m3.
2. Capacious industrial vehicles with a tank volume of 10–12 m3 are used to clean wells from liquid fractions. They are more productive compared to their counterparts.
3. Sludge pumps are equipped with powerful equipment that allows you to pump out dense waste: liquid with dirt, silt, oil sludge or clay.

The latter, unlike standard sewage disposal machines, may have a water plunger pump, as well as a barrel of smaller capacity for flushing water.

Modifications of vacuum trucks

There is a variety of special equipment for pumping out waste. Vacuum tanks with liquid waste can be placed on the chassis of GAZ, KAMAZ, MAZ, ZIL, URAL, GAZELLE. Each brand differs in dimensions, characteristics, and load capacity.

GAZ cars are used wherever there is a need to dispose of liquids with a large amount of organic and inorganic impurities. The special equipment is easy to operate. It is equipped with a container with strong walls, which has an additional chemical coating that protects against corrosion.

1. GAZ 3307 allows you to install containers of different sizes on the chassis. The sewer truck is equipped with a special safety mechanism. When the tank is full, the motor turns off automatically. The presence of a four-way process valve and a built-in vacuum pump on the neck simplifies the task of waste disposal.

   

2. GAZ 3309 has similar characteristics to the GAZ 3307 series. The car is equipped with additional electrical equipment, including an automatic float valve and a safety alarm device that is activated when the tank is full.

   

3. GAZ 53 differs from previous models in a more capacious tank, which contains an additional compartment for clean water.

   

4. KAMAZ 65115 differs from other special-purpose vehicles by the presence of an all-wheel drive chassis and special hoses of different diameters.

   

The technical equipment, as well as the volume of the sewer truck, allow it to be used in hard-to-reach places.

According to traffic rules, the equipment is equipped with flashing lights.

Selection of sewage disposal machine and equipment

Today, there are many vacuum cleaners on the market, both domestic and imported. The approximate price range is from 600,000 rubles. up to 1,500,000 rub. for used cars, and from RUB 1,500,000. up to 3,000,000 rub. - for new ones.

In this case, not only the year of manufacture of the car plays a role, but also fuel consumption, body volume, load capacity, as well as the country of origin. The cheapest are domestic models: GAZ, MAZ, ZIL, Kommash, etc. Japanese Isuzu and Mitsubishi will cost more.

If you don’t have enough money to immediately purchase a car you like and have the right characteristics, you can consider renting or concluding a leasing agreement (rent with subsequent purchase). In addition, you can get a loan for individual entrepreneurs on special terms.

Technological process

The operating principle of any sewage disposal machine is as follows: a vacuum is created in the cesspool (pit) using a vacuum pump, due to which liquid waste is moved through the suction hose into a container installed on the vehicle. At the end of the procedure (when the tank is filled), the pump is turned off and a special valve is closed, ensuring tightness.

When the car arrives at the drain station, the hose (now acting as a discharge hose) is connected to the sewer receiving hatch and the valve is opened. Waste discharge occurs by gravity.

Standard equipment and characteristics of a sewer truck

The most common version of sewage disposal equipment in the Russian outback is the KO-503 vacuum machine, developed on the basis of GAZ. At one time, such a unit can transport up to 3.75 cubic meters. m of waste.

• tank with a capacity of 3.75 cubic meters. m;
• vacuum pump with a capacity of 240 cubic meters. m/hour;
• intake sleeve 6 m long;
• electric drive;
• receiving hatch.

The characteristics of such a sewage disposal machine are as follows:

• length – 7 m;
• width – 2.2 m;
• height – 2.6 m;
• The power unit is a diesel engine with a power of 125 hp. With.;
• maximum depth of the container being cleaned is 4 m;
• tank filling time is about 6 minutes.

The price of a new car is about 1,450,000 rubles. A used one in good technical condition can be purchased for 500,000 rubles.

While searching for suitable special equipment, you can simultaneously begin to collect a package of documents to obtain a license.

A sewer truck based on the chassis of the legendary GAZ-53 car

Habitually using public amenities, we least of all think about the highways somewhere deep below us, along which everything washed away and drained moves, and about the wells where it accumulates. In fact, there is no miracle in the disappearance of waste products and all engineering communications, which are not usually discussed in polite society and at the table, are an ordinary technical system that requires repair and maintenance. Almost the main tool in this process is sewage disposal vehicles, created mainly on the basis of the chassis of GAZ cars of various modifications.

How profitable is it to run a sewage cleaning business?

The cost of draining and subsequent disposal of reinforced waste in municipal utilities (city Vodokanal) averages about 200 rubles. for 10 cubic meters m.

The price of vacuum cleaner services ranges from 600 to 1,200 rubles. for 1 cubic m. In addition to payment for drainage, the cost of these services includes costs for fuels and lubricants and equipment maintenance, driver’s wages, etc.

In general, sewage disposal activities can be characterized as a fairly profitable business. Carrying out 3 to 5 trips per day, a vacuum cleaner can bring in about 150,000 rubles per month. net profit. Moreover, a clear advantage of the business is that there will never be a shortage of clients, since waste is an inevitable consequence of human life.

Read more: Medical certificate for work in the far north

Having spent once on opening an enterprise and debugging the mechanism of work in this area, you will never find yourself in a critical situation when services become unclaimed.

Now let’s look in order at the main stages that an entrepreneur must go through to launch a sewage disposal business.

Sewage truck based on GAZ chassis

Sewage disposal machines are used wherever there is a need to pump out liquids containing large amounts of organic and inorganic impurities - sand, silt, fecal matter. Actually, this determines the scope of their application:

• pumping out septic tanks of local sewage systems;
• cleaning drain systems of car washes, storm sewers;
• drainage of drainage and inspection wells, underground pipelines;
• drainage of drill holes and small reservoirs.

Design and principle of operation

The basis of the sewage disposal machine is a metal container that can be hermetically sealed. Since this special machine is faced with the task of pumping out not quite a liquid, but rather a suspension saturated with impurities, a vacuum pump is connected to this barrel. It creates a vacuum in the tank so great that through a wide corrugated receiving hose you can suck in, for example, all the water from the pond along with mud and crucian carp.

When a certain level of liquid in the tank is reached, a sensor is triggered and the engine is turned off. After this, the pump drive transfer case is turned off, and the sewage disposal truck can move to a place (special site) where the barrel is emptied and its contents are disposed of.

Photo of the GAZ-53 sewer truck

GAZ sewage disposal vehicles are based on the chassis of the GAZ 53, 3307 and 3309 models. The basis of their design is an all-welded metal tank with a hermetically sealed neck at the top, to which the vacuum pump line is connected, and an inlet pipe with a large-diameter four-way valve at the bottom. It can withstand high pressure; on the inside, a chemical-resistant coating is applied to its surface, which protects the metal from corrosion and makes it easier to maintain the tank. The outside is usually painted bright red or orange.

Technical question

In order to start a business, you first need equipment. For beginners, at first glance, it seems that you need to buy a sewage disposal machine. But this is not always profitable, a new car is expensive, and there are almost no used equipment of this type on the secondary market. Several more options are possible.

We will equip the special vehicle ourselves

This is not very difficult, you will need a tank and the components listed below. Moreover, in the future, when repairing a machine, you will periodically have to replace one or another unit, right down to the tank.

In addition to the tank, you need:

1. Vacuum pump.
2. Cardans for connecting it to the transfer case;
3. safety valve;
4. desiccant;
5. muffler;
6. level indicator;
7. a set of taps for switching the pump from suction to pressure (for quick emptying and cleaning);
8. a shutter for blocking the suction hose;
9. Sleeves for pumping out sewage and connecting the pump to the barrel.
10. Fitting.

Alternatively, if the vehicle being converted was a dump truck and has a hydraulic pump, then the vacuum pump can be driven from a hydraulic motor.

How septic tanks are pumped over long distances

Using a container trailer instead of a car

In this case, the investment is less than when buying a sewer truck. But a tractor is needed to tow and drive the vacuum pump.

Read more: Preparation of a technical plan for non-residential premises

With a small number of customers, this approach is more profitable than working with a tanker truck. There is no pumping work, we provide other services, for example, transport or processing of personal plots.

There are also several options for purchasing capacity.

1. Buy ready-made. There are no special tanks produced for pumping out sewage, but there are agricultural machines of the MZhT type, they are designed for pumping out liquid farm runoff and applying it to the soil.

1. As in the case of a car, find a suitable container and mount the vacuum equipment on it yourself. The drive can be made either from the power take-off shaft (PTO) or from the hydraulic system through a hydraulic motor.

There are many options, so it’s easy to choose the one most suitable for you based on technical and financial capabilities.

The operating principle of sewage disposal equipment

The technique works on this principle:

• The working hose is lowered into the waste pumping area.
• To move liquid inside the tank, a vacuum pump is turned on, which is powered by a machine engine. The operating time of the suction system depends on the size of the tank and averages from 4 to 12 minutes.
• When the tank is completely filled, the engine stops or a safety device is triggered - a special liquid level sensor built into the tank.
• After the fuse signal is given, the pump is automatically switched off.
• The removal of sewage is part of a set of measures for the improvement of populated areas, therefore, upon completion of the work, the car is sent to a recycling point, where emptying is carried out.

Why do you need a sewer truck?

This vehicle is used for pumping sewage from cesspools and septic tanks with its subsequent disposal.

The machine is equipped with:

• Sealed tank;
• Hose;
• Powerful vacuum pump.

To fill the tank, a vacuum pump is turned on. It is powered by the vehicle's engine. The tank is emptied by gravity.

You can purchase a domestic or imported sewer truck. Different models differ in tank volume. This parameter corresponds to the power of the pump and chassis. If you want, sewerage activity is a fairly profitable and promising direction.

In our country, more than 25 million private homes are not connected to centralized water supply and sewerage, so the services of a sewer truck are always in great demand. In addition, owners of country cottages and dachas, which are not included in this number, need it.

Some entrepreneurs consider this line of activity unprestigious, but given the high profitability of this business, this does not matter much.

Construction of a sewage disposal machine

Special equipment for pumping waste is equipped with appropriate technological equipment. The design of the sewage disposal machine is as follows:

• storage tank or container for temporary storage and transportation of fecal fluid;
• driven vacuum pump;
• suction hose;
• piping system;
• technological control valve;
• receiving hatch;
• a signaling device indicating the operation of the fuse;
• electrical equipment.

Equipment for sewer trucks

Sewage equipment is placed on the base of the vehicle. The main vehicle used is a GAZ car with a tank volume of 3.75 m3. In large cities, it is possible to use sewer trucks of greater power and capacity. The vacuum sewer consists of the following devices, mechanisms and parts:

• base car: GAZ, ZIL, KAMAZ, foreign-made car;
• pumping equipment type KO;
• intake sleeve, in the form of a corrugated reinforced rubber hose;
• pipeline connecting the pump and container;
• transmission drive;
• pipeline control valve;
• safety device equipped with an audible signal;
• special electrical equipment;
• a hatch that ensures the tank is sealed and connects the intake hose to the shut-off valves.

Barrel capacity

The technological volume of the barrel of a sewer truck is determined by the parameters of the vehicle. In domestic models, the tank-reservoir can hold up to 12 m3 of liquid, in imported models - up to 16 m3. Special equipment is selected depending on the tasks assigned.

There are the following sizes of sewer truck:

• Small-sized models designed for private sewer septic tanks. The volume of the barrel in this case does not exceed 4 m3.
• Capacious industrial vehicles with a tank volume of 10–12 m3 are used to clean wells from liquid fractions. They are more productive compared to their counterparts.
• Sludge pumps are equipped with powerful equipment that allows you to pump out dense waste: liquid with dirt, silt, oil sludge or clay.

The latter, unlike standard sewage disposal machines, may have a water plunger pump, as well as a barrel of smaller capacity for flushing water.

Organizational plan

Tax registration

When registering a business, you must indicate the OKVED code 90.00 - it is this code that regulates wastewater disposal work. The optimal organizational and legal format is individual entrepreneur. Of all the possible taxation options, it is better to choose UTII or simplified tax system.

Legalization of work and list of permits

It is imperative to conclude an agreement for wastewater discharge with a municipal organization and obtain a license for waste disposal from the local administration. Without this, it is prohibited to carry out activities - discharging wastewater in an inappropriate place faces a large fine.

To obtain a license you must provide the following documents:

• conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor on waste management;
• copies of all constituent and registration papers;
• a receipt confirming payment of the license fee;
• information about workers who will deal with waste disposal.

The license takes about two months to prepare and is valid for three to five years.

Purchasing a sewer truck and requirements for it

A sewage disposal business is impossible without purchasing a special machine, which consists of a sealed tank, a pump and a hose for collecting wastewater. Finding such a vehicle is not difficult - you can buy a new car, a used one, rent it or get it on a leasing basis. Depending on this, the cost varies significantly: from 200,000 to 5,000,000 rubles.

Important indicators when choosing a vehicle are fuel consumption and tank volume. Among professionals, preference is given to Japanese models, which are distinguished by ease of use and reliability, multifunctional Korean and domestic ones (GAZ 3307, KAMAZ 4308), which have an affordable price. The final choice depends on the planned scope of work and the financial component.

The purchase of a KO-510K sludge suction machine provides additional income - it will be possible to clean wells, transport liquid non-aggressive waste, and deliver technical water.

Garage rental

In addition to the car, it is necessary to provide a garage of sufficient capacity where it will be parked, undergo maintenance and repairs. If you don’t have the money to buy it, you can rent it.

Office

The competent organization of any business includes the creation of an office. Not in all cases its presence is justified, but when conducting negotiations, concluding contracts and accepting orders, you cannot do without it. The location should be chosen closer to potential clients, preferably next to the garage. A room of 20 m2 in size, equipped with office equipment, a stable Internet connection and reliable telephone service will be sufficient.

Staff

The crew of the vehicle consists of two employees – a driver and an operator. It is advisable that employees already have experience in the waste management field. To save money, operator functions can be performed by the driver.

In addition, the work will require office staff: a customer service manager, an accountant, an administrator. At the stage of business development, these functions can be combined by the founder of the business, but over time the staff will need to be expanded.

Modifications of vacuum trucks

There is a variety of special equipment for pumping out waste. Vacuum tanks with liquid waste can be placed on the chassis of GAZ, KAMAZ, MAZ, ZIL, URAL, GAZELLE. Each brand differs in dimensions, characteristics, and load capacity.

GAZ cars are used wherever there is a need to dispose of liquids with a large amount of organic and inorganic impurities. The special equipment is easy to operate. It is equipped with a container with strong walls, which has an additional chemical coating that protects against corrosion.

GAZ 3307 allows you to install containers of different sizes on the chassis. The sewer truck is equipped with a special safety mechanism. When the tank is full, the motor turns off automatically. The presence of a four-way process valve and a built-in vacuum pump on the neck simplifies the task of waste disposal.

GAZ 3309 has similar characteristics to the GAZ 3307 series. The car is equipped with additional electrical equipment, including an automatic float valve and a safety alarm device that is activated when the tank is full.

GAZ 53 differs from previous models in a more capacious tank, which contains an additional compartment for clean water.

KAMAZ 65115 differs from other special-purpose vehicles by the presence of an all-wheel drive chassis and special hoses of different diameters.

The technical equipment, as well as the volume of the sewer truck, allow it to be used in hard-to-reach places.

According to traffic rules, the equipment is equipped with flashing lights.

What is a vacuum cleaner machine

Such transport is special equipment in the form of a chassis with attachments. A sewage disposal machine is used to drain swamps in which the process of rotting has begun, remove liquid from small reservoirs, waste from septic tanks, cesspools, and also to clean swamps. For these purposes, modern equipment is used, which creates a vacuum inside the transport tank. And the presence of a special window in it allows you to control the process of filling the container. Such equipment is installed on chassis from various manufacturers. In Russia, the use of KAMAZ, ZIL, and GAZ models is widespread, due to economic feasibility.

Machine structure

To ensure the performance of its functions, special equipment is installed on such a unit. As a result, special equipment consists of the following elements:

1. A transport container made in the form of a tank.
2. Technological crane used for control.
3. A vacuum pump, the operation of which is provided by the transfer case from the power plant.
4. Reception hatch.
5. Special self-expanding hose.
6. Electrical equipment.
7. A device that automatically turns off the pump or notifies the operator when the tank is full.

Operating principle of special equipment

The operation of such a unit is due to pumping liquid inside the tank using a vacuum pump. This technique works as follows:

1. First, the required vacuum cleaner is selected based on its dimensions and tank volume.
2. Upon arrival at the waste pumping site, a hose is installed and the system is connected.
3. Then the vacuum pump turns on and the tank is filled with pumped out liquid waste. After reaching the limit level, the distributor automatically turns off the pump or a special sound signal is given to the operator.
4. The vehicle transports the liquid in containers to the disposal site, where it is unloaded. When pumping out certain chemicals, additional precautions must be observed.

The volume of the tank used in the car depends on its technical parameters. Thus, in domestic models the capacity is limited to 12 m3 of liquid, while in imported versions it can be up to 16 m3. The choice of a suitable model of special equipment is determined by the assigned tasks. The following types of units are used:

1. Small-sized models, for example, based on a gazelle. They are used for pumping waste from septic tanks in private homes. Here the tank volume is no more than 4 m3.
2. Spacious options. Such models are industrial types, and the volume of the tank used is up to 12 m3. They are used to clean wells from various types of liquid fractions and have significantly higher productivity than the first models.
3. Silt suckers. Such units are equipped with the most powerful equipment, which makes it possible to pump out, among other things, dense waste in the form of dirt, oil slag, and sludge. For this purpose, special types of water pumps (plunger) are installed on such models and additionally use a small barrel with clean water used for flushing.

Variants of sewage disposal machines

So, half the battle is done. Now the most important thing remains - choosing a tool for the job. That is, the choice of a sewer truck. Conventionally, they can be classified into several groups:

It follows that you need to select a car for work strictly for your planned place of earnings. Since prices for vacuum trucks vary significantly. From 150 thousand rubles for a light-duty truck in acceptable working condition to 1 million rubles for the same one, just off the assembly line. It is also worth taking into account future breakdowns, and in connection with this, the availability of services, as well as auto parts stores. Therefore, in Central Russia it is more profitable to use domestic cars, and in Primorye you can choose a good-quality foreign car. It all depends on the market.

Modifications of vacuum trucks

Such units are represented by a wide variety of models, which are used for the accumulation and subsequent transportation of various household waste. The most common options are those made on the basis of the following types of chassis:

1. GAZ 3309. Has the function of automatically turning off the power unit after the tank is completely filled. The model is equipped with a special process pump, as well as a hose, the length of which is 6 m. An additional safety mechanism is installed. The process of unloading waste in the tank is carried out by creating back air pressure or by gravity.
2. GAZ 3309. A similar model is equipped with a vacuum injection system with special pipelines, as well as a four-way valve.
3. GAZ 53. A sewer truck of this type, like GAZ 66, has a larger tank, as well as an additional compartment where clean water is located.
4. Kamaz 65115. An all-wheel drive chassis is used, which allows you to get to hard-to-reach places to clean septic tanks, as well as a spacious tank.

Financial indicators of the project

Investments in business at the start and ongoing expenses

Investments in the business at the initial stage will be (in thousands of rubles):

• obtaining a license and registration – 85;
• rent of an office and garage during the preparation of the company for launch (2 months) – 25;
• purchase of a car, necessary technological and office equipment – ​​1,500;
• advertising costs – 20;
• reserve for unforeseen expenses - 20.

Total: 1,650,000 rubles

Current expenses in thousands of rubles will be:

• employee salary – 60;
• office and garage rental – 25;
• vehicle maintenance and fuel – 50;
• advertising – 10;
• utility bills – 10;
• reserve – 10.

Total: 165,000 rubles

Revenue and calculation of expected profit, payback and profitability

The cost of the order varies from 500 to 3,000 rubles (depending on the region and mileage), per day the car serves an average of 5–7 calls (the annual average; in the summer the company will have more clients than in the winter). The planned monthly revenue is 300,000 rubles, of which 135 thousand will be the profit of the enterprise.

Business profitability – 45%. The payback period is just over 1 year.

If the business is properly organized, sanitation services can bring good profits. Large capital investments at the initial stage pay off in the shortest possible time. As we develop, we can provide additional services – cleaning of pipelines, their repair, installation and conservation of septic tanks.