DT-54
is a mass-produced Soviet tracked agricultural diesel tractor for general purpose.

History[ | ]

In 1950, for the development of the design and industrial development of the agricultural diesel tractor DT-54 they received the Stalin Prize of the second degree (100,000 rubles):

• work manager, chief engineer Sidelnikov, Mikhail Stepanovich
  ,
• former chief engineer Perovsky, Nikolai Nikolaevich;
• engineers Sarkisyants, Ervand Arminokovich and Teitelbaum, Khanina Yakovlevich,
• former director of the ATP named after M.I. Kalinin, deputy MATP USSR Parfenov, Pyotr Pavlovich,
• professor, chief designer of KhTZ Zubarev, Nikolai Gordeevich,
• chief engineer Kargopolov, Viktor Alekseevich and
• Chief designer of STZ Platonov, Alexey Kuzmich.

The tractor was produced from 1949 to 1963 by the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, from 1949 to 1961 by the Kharkov Tractor Plant, from 1952 to 1979 by the Altai Tractor Plant. A total of 957,900 units were built[1].

The tractor was intended to work with a 4- or 5-furrow plow and other trailed agricultural machines, including those driven by a power take-off shaft[2]. The tractor's traction range was from 1000 to 2850 kg, the operating speed range was from 3.59 to 7.9 km/h, the gearbox had 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. The four-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine D-54 in nominal mode (1300 rpm) developed a power of 54 hp. p.[3]

With the DT-54, even an average-skilled tractor driver could cover 2 thousand hectares. Endurance: before replacing the piston group parts, it easily lasted 4000 hours. DT-54s were in demand not only in agriculture - they restored destroyed cities and built new roads. But they performed especially well during the development of virgin and fallow lands in the 50s.

Specifications

The predecessor of the DT-54 was the SHTZ-NATI tractor, which ran on kerosene fuel. They continued to be produced at the Altai plant until 1952, but for the most part gave way to DT-54 on conveyors and in the fields already in the early 1950s.

Engine

Tractors of the DT-54 brand are equipped with a diesel engine, marked as D-54, a four-stroke piston internal combustion engine (ICE) with a rated power of 54 horsepower (39.72 kW). The combustion chambers are of the vortex type, the cylinder block material is cast iron.

Other engine parameters:

Fuel consumption

The nominal consumption is 205 g per horsepower per hour of operation. However, there are factors that affect diesel fuel consumption:

• overload;
• gear shift frequency;
• malfunction, reduction in engine power.

Transmission, steering and brake control

The DT-54 gearbox is mechanical, providing 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. Speed ​​range:

The tractor was equipped with on-board mechanical brakes of the belt type. Rotary control was carried out by braking one of the tracks (separate control), so that it was possible to turn the car literally while standing still.

The DT-54 had a dual-range creeper, which made it possible to increase productivity by moving at a slow pace (for example, for sowing). The speed range thus began from several hundred meters per hour.

Chassis

The tractor chassis includes:

• caterpillars;
• drive and guide rollers for track control;
• support wheels;
• suspension with balancing carriages.

Special guards were installed on the track chains to prevent wear due to friction against the gearbox housing.

Hydraulics

The tractor was equipped with a hydraulic pump with a three-valve distributor; the type of hydraulic system was separate-unit for greater versatility (facilitating the use of attachments and trailers).

Export and releases outside the USSR[ | ]

Tractors were purchased in Vietnamese currency by

In China, the country's tractor chronicle began precisely with this tractor, which became the first mass-produced machine in the PRC. The Chinese, having received the necessary documentation for the tractor, localized the production of the DT-54 at home and even surpassed the USSR, producing over a million units.

In Vietnam, the DT-54 was in use until the 1980s, often installed as technical monuments in many places in the country; depicted on the 1958 5 dong banknote.

Device

The design of SKHTZ-NATI was seriously rethought and improved during the development of the new machine. This made it possible to take into account the shortcomings of the previous model and modernize the design as much as possible. According to reviews of those who worked on the DT-54, it was the most high-torque tractor among its contemporaries.

Advanced Solutions

The main difference between the DT-54 is its power plant: at that time, the four-stroke diesel engine was the most modern option.

dimensions

Here are the overall parameters of the DT-54:

Cabin

The DT-54 has a closed cabin (though only since 1953). It has seats for two workers, upholstered in soft material, a control panel and an instrument panel. The cabins were ventilated, but people working in the fields at that time mostly opened the doors. At that time, it was difficult to apply the word “comfort” to an agricultural unit: there was no sealed lining, no heating, and the cabin walls could protect from strong winds, but not from cold. The rear wall of the cabin was adjacent to the fuel tank (this caused inconvenience - sometimes diesel fuel was poured right behind the backs of the tractor drivers).

Attachments

On the DT-54 it was possible to install:

• front and central linkage (reapers, plow blades, loading mechanisms, cultivators);
• side mounting (mowers, channel laying equipment);
• rear linkage (ploughs, harrows, seeders, cultivators).

Technical characteristics[ | ]

Tractor DT 54

Agriculture of the Soviet Union could not do without heavy equipment. Tractors have always been in demand on state farms across the country. The DT 54 tractor is considered one of the most popular in the 20th century. This machine served for many years, being reliable and maintainable.

Purpose

This model was used mainly for the agricultural sector. Main areas of use:

• harvesting grain and other crops;
• plowing;
• planting crops;
• field planning;
• harrowing;
• cultivation;
• various types of earthmoving work.

And also with the use of various additional devices, the tractor was used in the construction industry and light industry.

Legendary tractor DT-54

Specifications

The equipment has the following characteristics:

• dimensions – 3.66x1.86x2.3 m;
• specific pressure on the surface – 0.41 kg/cm2;
• track size – 1.435 m;
• ground clearance - 0.26 m;
• the gap inside the axes of the outer support rollers is 1.62 m;
• weight – 5.4 tons.

Technical characteristics of DT 54 ensure long-term operation under heavy load.

Engine characteristics

When production began, the tractor was equipped with a D-54 engine. Then the model was improved to the D-54A, which had aluminum alloy pistons and the lowest fuel advance angle. The engine is a four-stroke unit running on diesel fuel. Basic properties:

• crankshaft rotation speed – 1300 rpm;
• maximum torque – 35 kgm;
• weight 1.1 t;
• number of mounting supports – 3 pcs;
• power 54 hp (39.7 kW);
• cooling system – water;
• gearbox type – two-stage.

To start the engine, a starting engine running on gasoline is provided. Its power is 10 hp. Filter elements are provided for filtering the oil.

Early models had double filtration - a cardboard filter and a metal belt type.

On later models, a triple filtration system was installed: filtration in the cavities of the connecting rod journals; centrifugal filtration in the outlet branch; metal belt filter.

Air entered the engine of the DT 54 tractor through an air cleaner. Cleaning took place in a dry centrifugal dust collector. Next it went into an oil dust collector, then onto a wet mesh filter.

Fuel consumption

The fuel tank capacity is 185 liters. Fuel consumption is 205 g/hp. at one o'clock.

Advantages and disadvantages

The model has many positive qualities :

• simplified design;
• maintainability;
• reliability of the power unit;
• good traction qualities;
• possibility of long-term operation;
• enlarged fuel tank.

Among the disadvantages of the tractor are:

• cabin discomfort;
• difficult control of levers and clutch;
• At maximum power, fuel consumption increases.

The presence of shortcomings did not affect the popularity of the model.

Reviews

Many noted that the tractor is easy to operate and maintain. The machine operators of that time liked the maneuverability and capabilities of the equipment when processing virgin and swampy areas.

What can be included with

The tractor can operate with mounted and trailed equipment:

• plow;
• cultivation equipment;
• mower;
• harrows;
• seating arrangements;
• nozzle for planting trees;
• machine for watering agricultural crops.

This equipment was used in the agricultural industry. It was also possible to attach various knives, buckets, and a snow blower to the tractor.

Price

The tractor was no longer produced in the late 70s. Therefore, it is currently not possible to purchase a new model. When searching on the Internet, you can find this model at a price of 70,000-180,000 rubles. It is difficult to assess the technical condition from the photo of the DT 54 tractor. It is best to inspect the equipment in person so as not to miscalculate the price.

Analogs

A similar technique is considered to be the improved model DT 54A, which has the same technical characteristics as the DT 54. But differs in engine model and cabin. DT 54 is rightfully considered a rare piece of equipment from the 50-70s of the 20th century.

The presence of a wide caterpillar track and the possibility of using additional equipment made it possible to widely use the tractor in agriculture.

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Source: https://traktoramira.ru/traktora/gusenichnie-traktora/traktor-dt-54.html

Tractor DT-54 in the cinema[ | ]

• Actor Leonid Kharitonov worked the field on a DT-54 tractor, playing the role of Ivan Brovkin on the set of the film “Ivan Brovkin in the Virgin Lands.” Filming took place at the Komsomolsky state farm in the Orenburg region.
• In the film “It Happened in Penkovo,” Matvey Morozov (actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov) and Zefirov (actor Yuri Medvedev) staged a “tug-of-war” competition on two DT-54 tractors to argue “whose tractor is stronger.”
• DT-54 tractors are present in the film “First Echelon”.
• DT-54 is present in the film “Quarrel in Lukashi”.
• DT-54 is present in the film “Alien Relatives”.
• DT-54s are shown in the film "Battle on the Road", which takes place at the factory that produces these tractors.
• Various DT-54s are present in the film "Knight's Move".
• DT-54 is present in the film "Kalina Krasnaya"
• DT-54 sinks into a hole in the film “Territory” by Alexander Melnik
• DT-54 is present in the film "The First Guy".

Memory[ | ]

Tractor DT-54 - a monument to the workers of the Khabarovsk region (located between the villages of Krasnorechenskoye and Roshchino)
tractors DT-54 and STZ-1 were installed in Leninsk, Volgograd region

Volgograd region in the village of Gorsky, Uryupinsky district, installed in 1971, on the move, donated by a local farmer

• The DT-54 tractor produced by the Altai Tractor Plant is an exhibit of the collection of agricultural machinery located on the territory of the Bolsheboldinsky Agricultural College (the village of Bolshoye Boldino, Nizhny Novgorod region).
• In the village of Pobeda, Novovarshavsky district, Omsk region, in 1968, a DT-54 tractor was installed on a pedestal. Monument in honor of the conquerors of virgin lands and the work of the first virgin lands.
• In the city of Zmeinogorsk, Altai Territory, famous throughout the country for the women’s tractor brigade of Varvara Bakholdina, a monument was erected to the pioneers of the DT-54 Altai Tractor Plant. There is also another similar monument in the Zmeinogorsk region (as of 2014), but its condition leaves much to be desired.
• In the village of Tselinnoye, Omsk Region, in 1979, a monument to the virgin lands was erected (a DT-54 tractor on a pedestal) in honor of the 25th anniversary of the development of virgin lands.
• On the pedestal next to the stele of the Dekabrist state farm in the Ershovsky district of the Saratov region there is a DT-54 tractor [5].
• In the village of Grigoripoliskaya, Novoaleksandrovsky district, Stavropol Territory, there is a tractor installed in the 1970s on a pedestal in front of a vocational school.
• In 1974, the DT-54 tractor was installed on a pedestal in the village of Akmurun.
• In the village of Polovinnoye, Kurgan region, it is installed on a pedestal at the entrance to the village from the side of the regional center. Hero of Socialist Labor Ekaterina Ivanovna Rodionova worked on the tractor.
• In the city of Chistopol (Tatarstan) it is installed on a pedestal in front of the organization "Agricultural Equipment"
• In the village of Tambovsky, Romanovsky district, Altai Territory, a DT-54 tractor was installed on a pedestal in honor of the pioneers of the virgin lands from the Tambov region
• In the village of Oktyabrsky, Kulundinsky district, Altai Territory, a DT-54 in working condition is installed on a pedestal.
• The DT-54 tractor was installed as a monument to the conquerors of virgin lands on October 18, 1969 in the village of Borets in Khakassia.
• The State Bank of Vietnam placed the DT-54 tractor in the center of the obverse of the 1958 5 dong banknote.
• In the city of Tavda, Sverdlovsk region, Russia. installed on a pedestal at st. Kirova, 1.
• In the city of Zernograd, Rostov region on the territory of the Azov-Black Sea State Agrarian Academy.
• In 1999, in memory of the labor exploits of fellow machine operators from 1940 to 1970, the Tractor monument was opened in the village of Gorodok, Lesnoy District, Tver Region, on the initiative and at the expense of entrepreneur Sergei Vasilyevich Kudryavtsev.[6]
• In the village of Tolmachevo, residential complex Prigorodny Prostor, Novosibirsk district, in honor of the workers of the Prigorodny state farm, installed in 2015.
• In the village of Asyan, Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
• Installed on a pedestal near the village of Rusalevka, Tchaikovsky district, Perm region.
• Installed on a pedestal on the territory of the Tobolsk Multidisciplinary College (branch of the village of Vagai) in the village of Vagai, Vagai district, Tyumen region.
• Installed on a pedestal on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, the largest higher agricultural educational institution in the Volga Federal District, located in Nizhny Novgorod on Gagarin Avenue, 97
• Installed on a pedestal in the village of Novichikha, Novichikhinsky district, Altai Territory.
• The DT-54 tractor is part of the exposition of the exhibition complex “Salute, Victory!”, located in the city of Orenburg.
• In the village of Dedilovo, Kireevsky district, Tula region, next to the management building of the Zarya agricultural enterprise, a DT-54
  .

Notes[ | ]

1. Domestic agricultural tractors. History of development over 100 years.//A team of authors from NATI, the Moscow region branch of NATI and the Museum of Tractor Equipment together with specialists from tractor factories. - M.: 1996
2. Plowing tractors DT-54, DT-54A
3. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky, 2nd ed. T. 43. Topsail - Fishing. 1956. 672 pp., ill. and maps; 51 l. ill. and cards. (pages 93-101)
4. Crawler tractors DT-54(A), DT-55(A), DT-56, DT-57 and GB-58. Photo gallery
5. State Farm Dekabrist (unspecified)
   (inaccessible link). Retrieved February 20, 2012. Archived October 24, 2020.
6. Veselov V.I.
   Zamolozhsk Chronicles. Past and present. — Lesnoye; Tver, 2014. - P. 153.

History of creation

One of V.I. Lenin’s initiatives, along with total electrification, was the mechanization of the agricultural industry. Vladimir Ilyich himself did not live to see the heyday of the industry, but developments went uphill: already in 1922, the Kolomensky Plant (now the V.V. Kuibyshev Plant) produced the first wheeled tractor in the USSR, “Kolomenets-1”. It was developed based on the American Mogul model and ran on crude oil fuel.

Wheeled tractors were poorly suited for agriculture, especially given the harsh climate of many Russian regions. Tracked vehicles were required - only they can work in the field without slipping. In addition, the wheels greatly compact the soil due to the small area, and this negatively affects the yield.

So in 1933, for example, the S-60 “Stalinets” appeared - the brainchild of the Chelyabinsk plant.

After the war, the mechanical engineering industry experienced a new boom, which was marked by the creation of the DT-54 tracked tractor in 1949. Throughout the entire “career” of the DT-54, the Kharkov (1949–1961), Stalingrad (1949–1963) and Altai (1952–1979) tractor plants produced 957,000 - almost a million! - such tractors.

DT-54 for a long time became a symbol of the work of industrialists in the USSR. He appeared in films many times (“First Echelon”, “Alien Relatives”, “Kalina Krasnaya”) - many of these films are still popular today.