Crawler tractor ChTZ T-130

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
(until October 6, 1941 -
Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after I.V. Stalin
, until June 20, 1958 -
Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tankoprom in Chelyabinsk
, from November 10, 1971 to October 1, 1992 -
production association "Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant" Plant named after V.I. Lenin
) is a machine-building enterprise for the development and production of wheeled and tracked road construction equipment (bulldozers, pipe layers, front-end loaders, mini tractors), internal combustion engines, spare parts and other high-tech engineering products. It was popularly known under the common name “Tankograd”[1][2].

The number of employees is more than 7,600 people. The production area occupied by the enterprise is 1.2 million m2.

The operator (owner) of the enterprise is Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant - Uraltrak LLC.

History of ChTZ

Before the war

S-65 in the VAZ equipment museum (Tolyatti)

Bulldozer DZ-54 based on the T-100 tractor (1955)
The construction of a tractor plant in Chelyabinsk was provided for by the first five-year plan for 1928-1932 adopted by the Fifth Congress of Soviets of the USSR. On May 29, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a resolution on the construction of a tractor plant in the Urals. The production capacity of the plant was planned at 40 thousand tractors per year. The American Caterpillar 60 tractor was chosen as the prototype of the first tractor. The construction of the plant was carried out with the involvement of specialists from the USA and other countries. The design of the plant was carried out by an architectural team from Detroit (USA)[3], which had previously designed the Stalingrad Tractor Plant (and before that, before the Great Depression of 1929-1933 - the Ford factories and other US automobile factories) by the famous American architect Albert Kahn (1869-1942) [4]. On the Soviet side, the design was led by architects A. S. Fisenko, V. Shvetsov and A. Velichkin[5][6]. Construction was carried out by the Traktorostroy trust, created in 1929[7]. The head of the trust, K.P. Lovin, organized the Chelyabinsk Tractorplant design bureau in Detroit in March 1930, and by June 1, 1930, a master plan for the plant was developed based on the preliminary design of the Leningrad Design Institute "GIPROMEZ"[8][9]. The bureau consisted of 40 specialists from the USSR and 12 from the USA. At the end of 1930, construction was under threat due to various kinds of difficulties that arose, in connection with which a resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was adopted “On the progress of construction of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant,” control over the implementation of which was entrusted to N. M. Shvernik [10 ].

On May 15, 1933, the first tracked tractor “Stalinets-60” (S-60) came out of the assembly shop gates. However, the official opening of the plant took place on June 1. The S-60 tractors were equipped with 4-stroke, 4-cylinder carburetor engines with a power of 72 hp, running on naphtha fuel and, weighing 9.5 tons, had a maximum tractive effort of 4.45 tons.

1936 The company’s tractors take part in two grandiose expeditions: the “Snow March” - covering two thousand kilometers across Yakutia at a temperature of minus 50 degrees, and the Pamir crossing at an altitude of 4 thousand meters in the Turkestan Military District.

May 1937. At the World Exhibition in Paris, the S-65 tractor was awarded the highest award - the Grand Prix diploma.

On June 20, 1937, serial production of the Stalinets-65 (S-65) tractor with a capacity of 65 horsepower and a diesel engine began. ChTZ was the first in the country to master the production of fuel equipment for diesel engines. ChTZ became a pioneer in the Soviet tractor diesel industry.

1939 ChTZ has mastered the production of military equipment - the artillery tractor "Stalinets-2" (S-2) with a capacity of 105 horsepower.

1940 Tractor builders carried out experimental work on mastering the production of heavy KV tanks designed by the Leningrad Kirov plant, and the 12-piston fuel pump “TN-12” for aircraft engines of heavy bombers. On December 31, 1940, the state commission accepted the first Chelyabinsk tank.

March 30, 1940. The 100,000th tractor rolled off the assembly line. The total power of Chelyabinsk tractors produced was 6 million horsepower, or ten Dneproges.

The plant during the Great Patriotic War

After the start of the Great Patriotic War, the plant continued to produce tractors, artillery tractors and KV-1 heavy tanks[11].

In October 1941, ChTZ, together with seven enterprises partially and completely evacuated to Chelyabinsk, formed a tank-building plant, later unofficially called “Tankograd”

.
In particular, the Kharkov Motor Plant No. 75 and the Leningrad Kirov Plant were completely evacuated here, and therefore on October 6, 1941, the plant was renamed the “Kirov Plant of the People’s Commissariat of Tank Industry in the city of Chelyabinsk”
[12][13] (plant No. 100) . In August 1942, production of T-34 tanks began, in February 1943 - self-propelled artillery mounts, in September 1943 - heavy tanks [11]. In a short time, the plant became one of the main arsenals of the front; during the war years it produced: 18 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns; 48.5 thousand tank diesel engines; 17.7 million ammunition stockpiles.

The enterprise created 13 types of new tanks and self-propelled guns, 6 types of tank diesel engines, in particular the B-2 modification. For the first time in world tank building practice, the assembly of heavy tanks was put on an assembly line.

During the war, the plant was awarded the Red Banners of the State Defense Committee for victory in the All-Union competition 33 times. Two banners were left to the team for eternal storage.

After the war

USSR postage stamp, 1958: The firstborn of Soviet industry
On January 5, 1946, the first Stalinets-80 tractor was assembled. In 1956, the Stalinets-100 tractor was created.

On June 20, 1958, the plant was renamed the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant.

In January 1961, a tractor with an electromechanical transmission, DET-250, was put into serial production.

On October 9, 1963, the first production tractor T-100M with a capacity of 108 horsepower rolled off the main assembly line. To increase labor productivity, increase the reliability and durability of tractors when working in various climatic conditions (swamps, sand, permafrost, etc.), modifications of the basic model were developed and introduced into mass production. So in 1964, ChTZ produced 22 versions of the T-100M tractor. This tractor, including all its modifications, became the most popular in the history of the enterprise: a total of 412,145 copies were produced.

At the end of the 60s, in the context of the existing production of industrial tractors T-100M, its radical reconstruction and technical re-equipment began to begin production of T-130 tractors. On May 26, 1970, the construction and reconstruction of ChTZ were declared an All-Union Komsomol shock construction project.

On November 10, 1971, the first production association in the tractor and agricultural engineering industry of the USSR, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after V. I. Lenin, was created.

On August 6, 1982, on the northern slope of Elbrus at a two-kilometer altitude, where the high-mountain front of the Great Patriotic War took place, an obelisk was installed at the base of which are parts of the mutilated S-60 tractor, which was used as a military tractor.

Tractor T-100

On June 1, 1983, for the golden anniversary of ChTZ, the first tractor S-60, the first Soviet tracked vehicle, was installed on a pedestal on the pre-factory square, and the world's first heavy-duty energy-rich domestic tractor T-800 with an 820 horsepower engine, intended for development, was assembled especially heavy frozen and rock formations without explosion.

On November 3, 1984, the plant produced the millionth tractor with the ChTZ brand (T-130M)[14].

March 1988 - tractor manufacturers began production of the T-170 tractor, equipped with a modernized diesel engine. This year, the plant reached maximum productivity in the production of tractors: 31.5 thousand machines rolled off the assembly lines.

January 1989 - serial production of the DET-250M2 tractor began.

September 1990 - the T-800 bulldozer-ripper is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest and most productive in the world[15].

December 30, 1990 - the first production tractor T10 with a hydromechanical transmission was released.

ChTZ tractors - T-100 and T-108

Plant after 1991

Bulldozer B-10PM (2004)
April 30, 1992 - Order of the Government of the Russian Federation N 835-r “On the privatization of the production association “Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after V. I. Lenin”

October 1, 1992 - Production Association “Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after. V.I. Lenin" was transformed into the joint-stock company "URALTRAK" (JSC "URALTRAK") on the basis of a general meeting of shareholders.

April 27, 1996 - The Uraltrak joint-stock company was renamed into the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant open joint-stock company on the basis of a general meeting of shareholders.

1998 - bankruptcy, reorganization, emergence of a new enterprise: ChTZ-Uraltrak LLC

November 1999 - serial production of the V-92 C2 tank diesel engine was mastered.

On September 25, 2000, at the international exhibition “URALSTROY - 2000” (Ufa), ChTZ products were awarded the first degree Gold Cup.

June 1, 2002 - serial production of the T10 tractor.

July 20, 2002 - a prototype of the T3 tractor of modular design was manufactured.

July 25, 2002 - the first regional shopping center was opened in Perm.

October 2002 - a prototype of the DET-320 tractor with an engine from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was assembled.

December 18, 2002 - a quality certificate (Sample Test Certificate) was received for the B-10.02 bulldozer at the UES Certification Center (Germany).

July 1, 2003 - serial production of the T10M tractor and units based on it was launched.

In 2008, it produced products worth 12.364 billion rubles. (16.2% more than in 2007), releasing:

• 162 pipelayers,
• 1,944 bulldozer-ripper equipment,
• 71 heavy tractors DET-250 and DET-320,
• spare parts - in the amount of 2 billion 853.766 million rubles. (an increase of 28.7%).

The volume of product exports in 2008 amounted to 1,916.4 billion rubles. (an increase of 0.2%). Export of spare parts - 417.83 million rubles. (an increase of 5.9%)[16].

ChTZ as part of Uralvagonzavod

In March 2011, the Uralvagonzavod Research and Production Corporation acquired a 63.3% stake in ChTZ. Taking into account previously existing shares, Uralvagonzavod now owns 80% of ChTZ shares. The rest are held by the government of the Chelyabinsk region, which is negotiating with UVZ on the transfer of these shares.

The deal between Uralvagonzavod and ChTZ won the “Deal of the Year” category at the annual interregional award “Results of the Year of the Urals and Siberia-2011”[17].

As part of UVZ, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant should become one of the main enterprises for the production of civil equipment, in particular, road construction equipment. A heavy engineering division will be built on the basis of ChTZ[18].

In 2011, ChTZ completed a number of export contracts. Exports were carried out to almost all republics of the former USSR, as well as to Vietnam. In January-August alone, exports increased in volume terms by 36%[19].

The largest export contract was the supply of 100 B-10M bulldozers to the Ministry of Water Resources and Land Reclamation of Turkmenistan, intended for clearing the beds of irrigation canals in the Kara-Kum desert.

In Russia, ChTZ completed a large contract for the supply of 300 units of specialized engineering equipment to equip regional fire-chemical stations of Rosleskhoz; Machines were supplied to a number of oil and gas corporations.

The presence of a large number of contracts allowed ChTZ to resume hiring workers for the first time in recent years[20].

ChTZ today

Today[ clear

] ChTZ offers the consumer:

• tractors T10M, DET-250M2 and engineering vehicles based on them;
• pipelayers with a lifting capacity of 12.5 and 20 tons;
• bulldozers B10M;
• vibratory rollers, loaders and bulldozers based on wheeled modules weighing 24 tons;
• diesel engines with power from 12 to 1200 horsepower;
• diesel generator sets with a capacity of 100 kW for autonomous power supply;
• diesel-hydraulic stations for installations for collecting oil products from water surfaces;
• spare parts for ChTZ tractors;
• consumer goods, including: universal wheeled-caterpillar mini-tractor “Uralets” (12 hp);
• municipal vehicle T-02.03.2 and other goods.

Curious facts

ChTZ has manufactured more than 1,268,000 tractors over its 80 years of operation. They moved about 350 cubic kilometers of soil. They could cover the entire surface of the Moon with a layer of three and a half centimeters. And to transport the soil removed by ChTZ equipment would require a train 135.5 million kilometers long. The ChTZ machines themselves covered about 90 billion kilometers on the planet—that is, 600 distances from the Earth to the Sun[21].

Tractor T-130

Bulldozer T-130, which is also called T-100 or “weaving”. One of the main advantages of this equipment is the availability of spare parts, low cost and simplicity of design, the repair of which is carried out quite quickly and easily. The disadvantages of the model include unreliability of clutches and imperfect design. Specifications:

• Engine power - 117.7 kW (140 hp).
• The specific fuel consumption of this model is 244.3 g/kW*h (180 g/l. h.)
• Weight - 14.32 tons.
• The specific pressure on the ground is 0.5 kg/1 cm2.
• Overall dimensions of the T-130: 5193 by 2475 by 3085 millimeters.
• Ground clearance of the model is 415 millimeters,
• track width - 1880 millimeters.

Awards

• Order of Lenin (1971),
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1983),
• Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree (1945),
• Order of the Red Star (1944).
• The Order of Lenin was awarded to the pilot plant (1944) and the diesel design bureau (1945).
• 12 tractor builders were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
• August 25, 2003 - ChTZ - Uraltrak LLC was awarded the Order of Friendship of the State of Vietnam[22].
• In December 2010, ChTZ products—the T-13 medium tracked tractor and the PK-65 heavy wheeled front loader—won the All-Russian competition “100 Best Products of Russia”[23].
• In 2011, ChTZ’s new product, the B8 bulldozer, received several awards. It was among the twenty best goods of the Chelyabinsk region, and in November became a laureate of the “100 Best Goods of Russia” competition[24].
• In 2011, ChTZ products were included in the top hundred best products of the Southern Urals, and the Ministry of Economic Development awarded the category “Tractors and vehicles for industrial use” in the industry.

Directors

• Lovin Kazimir Petrovich (?) - beginning. Traktorostroya
• Safrazyan Leon Bogdanovich (?) - beginning. Traktorostroya
• Ilyichev Vasily Ivanovich (April 1931 - September 1932)
• Lovin Kazimir Petrovich (1932-1934)
• Bruskin Alexander Davidovich (1934-1936)
• Nesterovsky Israel Yakovlevich (1936 - July 1938)
• Solomonovich I.D. (-1940-)
• Zaltsman Isaac Moiseevich (October 1941 - February 1942)
• Makhonin Sergei Nestorovich (February - November 1942)
• Goreglyad Alexey Adamovich (November 1942 - February 1943)
• Dlugach Moisey Abramovich (February - June 1943)
• Zaltsman Isaac Moiseevich (June 1943 - July 1949)
• Skachkov Semyon Andreevich (July 1949 - April 1954)
• Kritsyn Alexander Ilyich (1954-1961)
• Zaichenko Georgy Vasilievich (1961-1979)
• Lozhchenko Nikolay Rodionovich (1979-1995)
• Pozdeev Valery Semyonovich (November - December 1995)
• Kichedzhi Vasily Nikolaevich (December 1995 - February 1998)
• Platonov Valery Mikhailovich (February 1998 - August 2011)
• Mlodik Semyon Gennadievich (August 2011 - October 2012)
• And. O. Golygin Sergey Alexandrovich (October 2012 - November 2013)
• Voropaev Viktor Viktorovich (November 2013 - June 2015)
• Mikhel Evgeniy Valerievich (June 2020 - June 2016)
• And. O. Yumatov Vyacheslav Gennadievich (since June 2020)

Notes

1. “Tankograd” // Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia / Ch. ed. M. M. Kozlov. - 1985. - P. 707. - 832 p. — 500,000 copies.
2. Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant // Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia / Ch. ed. M. M. Kozlov. - 1985. - P. 779. - 832 p. — 500,000 copies.
3. Meerovich M. G. Albert Kahn in the history of Soviet industrialization. Archived January 30, 2010.
4. Journal "Expert" No. 1 (687) / December 28, 2009. Maxim Rubchenko (editor of the economics department). Hooray, they are depressed!
5. Meerovich M. G.
   Architect in Soviet history. Anatoly Fisenko and Albert Kahn // Project-Baikal. - 2009. - No. 20. - P. 156-161.
6. S. Demidov, A. Khrustalev.
   Anatoly Stepanovich Fisenko // Architecture of the USSR. - 1982. - No. 9. - P. 51.
7. Fista T.V. Chelyabtractorostroy
   - article in the electronic version of the encyclopedia "Chelyabinsk" (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Compiled by: V.S. Bozhe, V.A. Chernozemtsev. - Ed. correction and additional - Chelyabinsk: Stone Belt, 2001 . - 1112 pp.; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8).
8. Shmakova. N. P. Chelyabinsk tractor plant
   - article in the electronic version of the encyclopedia "Chelyabinsk" (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Compiled by: V. S. Bozhe, V. A. Chernozemtsev. - Ed. correction and additional. - Chelyabinsk: Stone Belt, 2001. - 1112 pp.; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8).
9. Shmakova. N. P. Lovin Kazimir Petrovich
   - article in the electronic version of the encyclopedia "Chelyabinsk" (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Compiled by: V. S. Bozhe, V. A. Chernozemtsev. - Ed. corrected and supplemented. - Chelyabinsk: Stone Belt, 2001. - 1112 pp.; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8).
10. Shmakova N.P. On the progress of construction of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
    - an article in the electronic version of the encyclopedia "Chelyabinsk" (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Compiled by: V.S. Bozhe, V.A. Chernozemtsev. - Edited and supplemented - Chelyabinsk : Stone Belt, 2001. - 1112 pp.; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8).
11. ↑ 12
    Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant // Military encyclopedic dictionary / In 2 volumes. Volume 2. - Editorial team: A. P. Gorkin, V. A. Zolotarev, V. M. Karev, etc. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, “RIPPOL CLASSIC”, 2001, 816 p. P. 741. ISBN 5-7905-0996-7
12. [1], Archived copy (inaccessible link - history
    ). Retrieved March 4, 2011. Archived November 11, 2014. Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry
13. Komarov L. S. Chronicle of the Chelyabinsk tractor / L. S. Komarov, E. G. Khoviv, N. I. Zarzhevsky. - M., 1972
14. Eroshkin A. S. The millionth ChTZ tractor
    - article in the electronic version of the encyclopedia "Chelyabinsk" (Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia / Compiled by: V. S. Bozhe, V. A. Chernozemtsev. - Ed. correction and additional. - Chelyabinsk: Stone Belt , 2001. - 1112 pp.; ill. ISBN 5-88771-026-8).
15. The second life of a record holder - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ)
16. At the end of 2008, ChTZ-Uraltrak increased the production of special equipment by 16.2%
17. "ITAR-TASS Ural" - "UVZ" won in 2 categories of the award "Results of the Year of the Urals and Siberia-2011" Archived on June 25, 2020.
18. “The day before. Ru" - Semyon Mlodik - about ChTZ: We need to develop step by step. And no assault
19. LLC "ChTZ-Uraltrak" in January-August 2011 increased the export of equipment in physical terms by 36%
20. ChTZ resumed hiring workers
21. New ChTZ calendar: entertaining arithmetic: “Ural-press-inform”, 02/07/2011
22. History – Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ)
23. ChTZ bulldozers are among the hundred best products in Russia
24. "ITAR-TASS Ural" - The mini-bulldozer B-8 of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant won the competition "100 Best Products of Russia"

What has the new tractor of our production updated?

The new T10PM tractor means guaranteed service and reliability for years to come.

The ChZPT tractor plant not only produces new special equipment, but also works hard to improve its technical characteristics and appearance. Thus, the cabin, which was modernized in 2020, now has an increased level of visibility - the operator can fully control the work process, preventing various accidents and carrying out work with maximum efficiency.

• The updated T10PM also received an improved YaMZ-238GM2 engine with 180 hp. Thanks to this, fuel consumption has decreased, equipment productivity has increased, and the cost of minor repairs has been minimized.
• We, as manufacturers, have not lost sight of the transmission - the modified gearbox completely eliminates the possibility of slipping and shifting gears on its own.
• Users of the new tractor will immediately notice that the updated machine has increased noise insulation, decreased vibration, and now has the ability to maneuver at idle speed.

Literature

• Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. — 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Ermolov A. Yu.
  State management of the military industry in the 1940s: tank industry. St. Petersburg : Aletheia, 2013. - 408 p.
• Zaltsman I., Edelgauz G.
  Remembering the lessons of Tankograd // Communist. 1984. No. 16. P. 76-87.
• Zarzhevsky N.I., Berdnikov S.F.
  Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Chelyabinsk: Book publishing house, 1962. - 120 p.
• Dyer Z.
  In the fight for the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Sverdlovsk; M.: Uraloblotdel, 1931. - 91 p.
• Lovin K.P.
  Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Chelyabinsk, 1933. - 19 p.
• Maleva N.
  The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant survived the bankruptcy test and proved its viability: [the experiment with the public liquidation of the plant failed] // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 1999. September 17. - (Russian newspaper in the Southern Urals).
• Declared bankrupt // Trud. 1998. December 1. S. 2.
• Samuelson L.
  Tankograd: secrets of the Russian rear, 1917-1953. M.: ROSSPEN, 2010. - 375 p.
• Sergiychuk V.
  Tank King of Russia. Kyiv: Nichlava, 2005. - 236 p.
• Sushkov A.V.
  The case of the “tank king” Isaac Zaltsman. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. - 300 p.
• Usoltsev A.
  The Chelyabinsk tractor plant is on strike // Russian newspaper. 1997. February 28. P. 15. - (Russian newspaper in the Southern Urals).
• Ustyantsev S.V.
  Elite of Russian industry: Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Ekaterinburg: Independent Institute of the History of Material Culture, 2008. - 245 p.
• Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant during the Great Patriotic War: recommended bibliography. Chelyabinsk: B. i., 1980. - 12 p.
• Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after. Comrade Stalin. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabtractorstroy, 1930. - 96 p.
• Shubarina L.V.
  Defense-industrial complex in the Urals: regional experience of development, 1945–1965. Chelyabinsk: Ural Academy, 2011. - 280 p.

External links

• Official website of "ChTZ-Uraltrak"
• "Iron stream. Battle of the Factories" is a 2020 documentary film directed by O. Vitvitsky on the Russia-Culture TV channel.
• ChTZ became part of the existing enterprises of the union. Magazine "Behind the Wheel" 11-12 1933
• At the border of Europe and Asia, the world's largest tractor, 13-1933, began work.
• “Sanctions deprived ChTZ of a life-saving investment project with Caterpillar”

Configuration and Benefits